P0591 – Cruise control system, multi -function switch input B – circuit range/performance

By Benjamin Jerew (Contact Me)
Last Updated 2016-06-22
ASE Master Tech

Table of Contents

1. What Does Code P0591 Mean?
2. What are the common causes of code P0591 ?
3. What are the symptoms of code P0591 ?
4. How do you troubleshoot code P0591 ?
5. Codes Related to P0591
6. Get Help with P0591

What Does Code P0591 Mean?

Many modern vehicles come with cruise control systems (CCS), which sets and maintains vehicle speed. Some CCS can be set to maintain certain distance behind the lead vehicle, and can even autonomously brake in case the lead vehicle suddenly slows. On long commutes, CCS can improve traffic flow and fuel economy, as well as make it easier on the driver.

The CCS may or may not be integrated with the engine control module (ECM), usually depending on whether or not the vehicle is equipped with an electronic throttle control system (ETCS) or “fly-by-wire” throttle. Regardless of type, the CCS monitors driver input, usually via a multi-function stalk or buttons on the steering wheel, and vehicle speed, modulating throttle position to maintain vehicle speed. Advanced systems may also monitor, via sonar or laser ranging systems, vehicles in front, to maintain following distance, and may also modulate electro-hydraulic braking.

For the purposes of this discussion, we’re focusing on the driver controls. If the ECM detects a problem with the CCS multi-function switch, such as receiving two inputs at the same time or being unable to detect its neutral position, it will disable cruise control and set a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) in system memory. DTC P0591 is defined as “Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “B” Circuit Range/Performance.”

What are the common causes of code P0591 ?

Depending on year, make, and model, DTC P0591 may have number of causes. Here are some of the most common.

• Chrysler Products – Jeep, Dodge, and Chrysler vehicles have a few TSBs (technical service bulletins) related to this DTC. Barring actual switch and circuit faults, reflashing the ECM fixes the problem.
• Spiral Cable – Most vehicles mount the cruise control switch on the steering wheel, all circuits of which pass through the clock spring. Circuit faults in the clock spring itself are a common fault, which may affect more than one circuit. If you have multiple steering wheel control failures, such as in the cruise, headlights, airbag, or audio controls, the clock spring may be the common denominator. Do not attempt to disassemble the clock spring unless you are ready to replace it, as they are practically impossible to repair or reassemble.

What are the symptoms of code P0591 ?

Depending on system design, the ECM may only lock out CCS function when this fault is detected, leaving the rest of the vehicle to function normally. Other vehicles may also illuminate the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) and put the powertrain into open loop or “limp-home” mode. If this is the case, you may experience poor engine and transmission performance and reduced fuel economy, in addition to CCS being locked out.

How do you troubleshoot code P0591 ?

Generally speaking, range and performance codes are the result of a sensor or switch reading outside of what the ECM expects to see. In the case of the CCS multi-function switch, the ECM expects to see a neutral position when the key is first turned on. If it sees anything else, such as no signal or two positions at once, which is outside of what the switch is capable of, the ECM determines that there is an open or short circuit. You’ll need a DMM (digital multimeter) and model-specific electrical wiring diagram (EWD) to diagnose this problem.

Caution: Because the CCS switch is typically mounted on the steering wheel, you may have to remove the driver’s airbag to access the switch for testing or replacement. Done improperly, this can be dangerous. If you do not have the training and tools, it is typically recommended to leave it to the professionals. Because the airbag circuit passes through the spiral cable, do not attempt to circuit-check the spiral cable unless the ignition is off, battery disconnected, and all connectors disconnected.

• General Checks – Check fuses, wiring harnesses, and switch for chafing, pinched wires, or obvious damage. Check connectors for bent or broken pins or corrosion and that they are firmly seated. Repair or replace as necessary.
• Circuit Check – Depending on the vehicle, you may need to do resistance or continuity checks. Some switches use just two pins, each switch position applying a different resistance value to the circuit. Other switches use multiple pins, each switch closing or opening circuits. Check your EWD and repair manual to be sure which method your vehicle’s CCS switch is using.

Disconnect the ECM and check the circuit Accordingly. (Shown is a typical switch position / circuit resistance table.)

• If continuity or resistance is correct, suspect an ECM fault or intermittent circuit problem. Do not condemn the ECM until you have rechecked the rest of the system. (Note: Spiral cables are notorious for creating intermittent circuit problems. So recheck with the steering wheel in various positions.)
• If continuity or resistance is incorrect, suspect a faulty switch or spiral cable. Repeat the check at the switch itself.
  • If switch continuity or resistance is correct, suspect the spiral cable. You can check all circuits in the spiral cable end-to-end, but make sure the ignition is off, battery is disconnected, and all connectors are disconnected.
  • If switch continuity or resistance is incorrect, replace the switch.

Codes Related to P0591

• P0578 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “A” Circuit Stuck
• P0579 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “A” Circuit Range/Performance
• P0580 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “A” Circuit Low
• P0581 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “A” Circuit High
• P0589 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “B” Circuit
• P0590 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “B” Circuit Stuck
• P0592 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “B” Circuit Low
• P0593 Cruise Control Multi-Function Input “B” Circuit High

Help Us Help You

Please comment below describing your issue as well as the specifics of your vehicle (make, model, year, miles, and engine), and one of our mechanics will respond as soon as possible. We appreciate a $9.99 donation via the payment button below.