| Various Models |
|---|
| Flash code | Fault location | Probable cause |
| 12 | Start of diagnosis | No engine speed (RPM) signal received |
| 13 | Oxygen sensor (02S)/heated oxygen sensor (H02S) | Wiring open circuit, 02S/H02S, ECM |
| 14 | Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor -voltage low | Wiring short circuit to ground, ECT sensor, ECM |
| 15 | Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor -voltage high | Wiring open circuit, ECT sensor, ECM |
| 16 | System voltage -high/low | Wiring, battery, alternator |
| 17 | Ignition control system, reference signal -circuit malfunction | Wiring, poor connections, ICM, ECM |
| 18 | Camshaft position (CMP) sensor – circuit malfunction | Wiring, CMP sensor, mechanical fault, ECM |
| 21 | Throttle position (TP) sensor -voltage high | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to positive, TP sensor, ECM |
| 22 | Throttle position (TP) sensor -voltage low | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, TP sensor, ECM |
| 23 | Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -voltage high/low | Wiring, IAT sensor, ECM |
| 24 | Vehicle speed sensor (VSS) -no signal | Wiring, VSS, ECM |
| 25 | Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -voltage low | Wiring short circuit to ground, IAT sensor, ECM |
| 26 | Engine control module (ECM), quad driver/ output driver -circuit malfunction | Wiring, ECM controlled components, ECM |
| 27 | Transmission gear switch, signal – circuit malfunction | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, 2nd gear switch, 3rd gear switch, ECM |
| 28 | Transmission gear switch, signal – circuit malfunction | Wiring, TR switch, ECM |
| 31 | Park/neutral position (PNP) switch – malfunction | Wiring, PNP switch, ECM |
| 34 | Mass airflow (MAF) sensor – voltage low | Wiring, poor connections, MAF sensor, ECM |
| 36 | Transmission Shift solenoid (SS) – circuit malfunction | Wiring, SS, ECM |
| 38 | Brake pedal position (BPP) switch, torque converter clutch (TCC) | Wiring, incorrectly adjusted, BPP switch, ECM |
| 39 | Torque converter clutch (TCC) – slipping | Wiring, TCC solenoid, transmission mechanical fault, ECM |
| 41 | Camshaft position (CMP) sensor – circuit malfunction | Wiring, CMP sensor, mechanical fault, ECM |
| 42 | Ignition control, timing signal -circuit malfunction | Wiring, poor connections, ICM, ECM |
| 43 | Knock sensor (KS) -circuit malfunction | Wiring, KS, ECM |
| 44 | Oxygen sensor (02S)/heated oxygen sensor (H02S) -mixture lean | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, injector(s) blocked, fuel contamination, fuel pressure low, exhaust system leaking, 02S/H02S, ECM |
| 45 | Oxygen sensor (02S)/heated oxygen sensor (H02S) -mixture rich | Wiring open circuit, fuel pressure high, injector(s) leaking, 02S/H02S, EVAP purge valve, TP sensor, EGR system, ECM |
| 48 | Misfire detected | Ignition system, fuel system, O2S, engine mechanical fault |
| 51 | Engine control module (ECM), PROM -malfunction | Poor connections, incorrect programming, ECM |
| 53 | Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve solenoid 1 | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, supply wire, EGR valve, ECM |
| 54 | Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve solenoid 2 | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, supply wire, EGR valve, ECM |
| 55 | Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve solenoid 3 | Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, supply wire, EGR valve, ECM |
| 56 | Engine control module (ECM), quad driver/ output driver -circuit malfunction | Wiring, ECM controlled components, ECM |
| 61 | Cruise control vent solenoid – circuit malfunction | Wiring, solenoid valve |
| 62 | Cruise control vacuum solenoid -circuit malfunction | Wiring, solenoid valve |
| 63 | Cruise control system – performance low | Wiring, poor connections, accelerator cable sticking |
| 65 | Cruise control servo position sensor – circuit malfunction | Wiring, poor connections, servo position sensor |
| 66 | A/C refrigerant pressure sensor -voltage low | Incorrect refrigerant charge, wiring, A/C refrigerant pressure sensor, ECM |
| 67 | Cruise control master switch -circuit malfunction | Wiring, poor connections, cruise control master switch |
| 68 | Cruise control system – performance high | Wiring, poor connections, accelerator cable sticking |
| 69 | A/C refrigerant pressure switch, engine coolant blower motors – circuit malfunction | Wiring open circuit, A/C refrigerant pressure switch, ECM |
| 99 | Cruise control system – engine management has operated in limited power mode | Accelerator cable sticking, brake vacuum release valve, cruise control actuator |
