Crown Victoria – Mustang Cobra/LX/GT – Taurus – Thunderbird (1992 – 1995)

Model	Year	Engine identification	System
Crown Victoria 4.6L	1992-94	VIN position 8 = W	Ford EEC-IV
Mustang Cobra 5.0L	1993-95	VIN position 8 = D	Ford EEC-IV
Mustang LX/GT 5.0L	1992-95	VIN position 8 = E/T	Ford EEC-IV
Taurus 3.8L	1992-95	VIN position 8 = 4	Ford EEC-IV
Thunderbird 3.8L	1992-95	VIN position 8 = 4	Ford EEC-IV
Thunderbird 5.0L	1992-93	VIN position 8 = T	Ford EEC-IV
Thunderbird SC 3.8L	1992-95	VIN position 8 = C/R	Ford EEC-IV

General information

Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) will illuminate if certain faults are recorded.
ECM operates in backup mode if sensors fail, to enable vehicle to be driven to repair shop.
Trouble codes can be displayed by the MIL or by using an analogue voltmeter or Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2:

o Crown Victoria 1
o Mustang 1992-93 2
o Mustang 1994-95 3
o Taurus 4
o Thunderbird 5

Preparatory conditions

Automatic transmission in ‘PARK’.
All auxiliary equipment, including air conditioning, switched OFF.

Accessing -Key On Engine Off (KOEO) test

Using malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)

Start engine.
Allow to idle until engine at normal operating temperature.
Switch ignition OFF.
Wait 10 seconds.
If engine does not start or stalls: Continue with KOEO test.
If fitted: Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC ).
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) 6.
Switch ignition ON.

NOTE: MIL may flash briefly while fast DTCs are issued for Scan Tool followed by slow DTC output.

Count MIL flashes. Note trouble codes. Compare with trouble code table.
Each trouble code is displayed twice. Firstly for present faults followed by those for memorized faults as follows:

o Trouble codes are displayed by illuminated MIL switching OFF.
o Each trouble code consists of two or three digits.
o A group of 0.5 second flashes indicate each digit 7 [A] .
o A 0.5 second pause separates each flash 7 [B].
o A 2 second pause separates each trouble code digit 7 [C].
o A 4 second pause separates each trouble code 7 [D] .
o For example: Three digit trouble code 122 displayed 7. Throttle position (TP) sensor.
NOTE: Two digit trouble codes displayed in a similar pattern. o A 6-9 second pause 8 [B] indicates the end of trouble code output for present faults III [A] . o A 0.5 second flash (separator code) 8 [C], followed by a 6-9 second pause 8 [D] indicates the start of trouble code output for memorized faults 8 [E]. o Trouble codes for memorized faults displayed in the same manner as those for present faults. NOTE: Memorized trouble codes refer to faults that have occurred in the last 80 warm-up cycles.

Switch ignition OFF.
Remove jump lead.
Trouble codes can also be displayed by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.

Using analogue voltmeter

Ensure ignition switched OFF.
If fitted: Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC).
Connect an analogue voltmeter between data link connector (DLC) 2 terminal 4 (STO) and battery (12 volt) positive [9].

Set analogue voltmeter to a DC voltage range of 0-20 V.
Start engine.
Allow to idle until engine at normal operating temperature.
Switch ignition OFF.
Wait 10 seconds.
If engine does not start or stalls: Continue with KOEO test.
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) [9].

• Switch ignition ON .

NOTE: Voltmeter needle may briefly deflect while fast DTCs are issued for Scan Tool followed by slow DTC output.

Count voltmeter needle deflections. Note trouble codes. Compare with trouble code table.
Each trouble code is displayed twice. Firstly for present faults followed by those for memorized faults as follows:

o Trouble codes are displayed by voltmeter needle deflecting to zero.
o Each trouble code consists of two or three digits.
o A group of 0.5 second needle deflections indicate each digit 7 [A].
o A 0.5 second pause separates each needle deflection 7 [B].
o A 2 second pause separates each trouble code digit 7 [C].
o A 4 second pause separates each trouble code 7 [D].
o For example: Three digit trouble code 122 displayed 7. Throttle position (TP) sensor.
NOTE: Two digit trouble codes displayed in a similar pattern.

o A 6-9 second pause 8 [B] indicates the end of trouble code output for present faults 8 [A]. o A 0.5 second needle deflection (separator code) 8 [C], followed by a 6-9 second pause 8 [O] indicates the start of trouble code output for memorized faults 8 [E]. o Trouble codes for memorized faults displayed in the same manner as those for present faults.
NOTE: Memorized trouble codes refer to faults that have occurred in the last 80 warm-up cycles.

Switch ignition OFF.
Remove jump lead and voltmeter.
Trouble codes can also be displayed by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.

Accessing -Key On Engine Running (KOER) test

Using malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)

Start engine.
Allow to idle until engine at normal operating temperature.
Increase engine speed to over 2000 rpm for 2 minutes.
Switch ignition OFF.
Wait 10 seconds.
If fitted: Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC).
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) 6.
Start engine.
Engine identification code displayed as follows:

o 6 cylinder: Three 0.5 second flashes.
o 8 cylinder: Four 0.5 second flashes.
o For example: 6 cylinder engine identified [10] [A].

With PSP switch: Within 1-2 seconds, turn steering wheel at least 1/2 a turn and release.
With BPP switch: Depress and release brake pedal.
If fitted: Operate overdrive selection switch twice.
If after 6-20 seconds [10] [B], a single 0.5 second flash is displayed (dynamic response signal) [10] [C]: Briefly fully open throttle.

NOTE: DO NOT fully open throttle during KOER test if no dynamic response signal is displayed.

Trouble codes displayed for present faults after 4-15 second pause [10] [D].
Fast OTCs are issued for Scan Tool during 4-15 second pause [10] [E].
Count MIL flashes. Note trouble codes. Compare with trouble code table.

NOTE: Each trouble code is displayed twice.

Trouble codes for KOER test are displayed in the same manner as those for KOEO test [Ii] [F].
For example: Three digit trouble code 111 is displayed [10] . No fault found .
Switch ignition OFF.
Remove jump lead.
Trouble codes can also be displayed by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.

Using analogue voltmeter

Ensure ignition switched OFF.
If fitted : Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC).
Connect an analogue voltmeter between data link connector (DLC) 2 terminal 4 (STO) and battery (12 volt) positive 9
Set analogue voltmeter to a OC voltage range of 0-20 V.
Start engine.
Allow to idle until engine at normal operating temperature.
Increase engine speed to over 2000 rpm for 2 minutes.
Switch ignition OFF.
Wait 10 seconds.
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) 9.
Start engine.
Engine identification code displayed as follows:

o 6 cylinder: Three 0.5 second needle deflections.
o 8 cylinder: Four 0.5 second needle deflections.
o For example: 6 cylinder engine identified [10] [A].

With PSP switch: Within 1-2 seconds, tum steering wheel at least 1/2 a turn and release.
With BPP switch: Depress and release brake pedal.
If fitted: Operate overdrive selection switch twice.
If after 6-20 seconds [10] [B], a single 0.5 second needle deflection is displayed (dynamic response signal) [10] [C]: Briefly fully open throttle.

NOTE: DO NOT fully open throttle during KOER test if no dynamic response signal is displayed.

Trouble codes displayed for present faults after 4-15 second pause 10 [D].
Fast OTCs are issued for Scan Tool during 4-15 second pause 10 [E].
Count needle deflections. Note trouble codes. Compare with trouble code table.

NOTE: Each trouble code is displayed twice.

Trouble codes for KOER test are displayed in the same manner as those for KOEO test 10 [F].
For example: Three digit trouble code 111 is displayed 10. No fault found.
Switch ignition OFF.
Remove jump lead and voltmeter.
Trouble codes can also be displayed by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.

Erasing

NOTE: Disconnecting battery ground lead may cause driveability problems until the engine management system relearns basic values.

Using malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)

Ensure ignition switched OFF.
If fitted: Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC).
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) [6].
Switch ignition ON.
When trouble codes start to be displayed: Remove jump lead.
Switch ignition OFF.
Repeat accessing procedure to ensure no memorized trouble codes remain in ECM fault memory.
Trouble codes can also be erased by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.
If emission related component(s) have been replaced:

o Disconnect battery ground cable for at least 5 minutes to erase adaptive memory from ECM.
o If required: Drive vehicle for 10 miles or more to allow ECM to relearn basic values.
NOTE: Disconnecting battery ground lead may also erase memory from electronic units, such as radio.

Using analogue voltmeter

Ensure ignition switched OFF.
If fitted: Remove ‘EEC TEST’ cover to access data link connector (DLC).
Connect an analogue voltmeter between data link connector (DLC) 2 terminal 4 (STO) and battery (12 volt) positive 9
Set analogue voltmeter to a DC voltage range of 0-20 V.
Jump DLC 1 terminal (STI) to DLC 2 terminal 2 (SIG RTN) 9.
Switch ignition ON.
When trouble codes start to be displayed: Remove jump lead.
Switch ignition OFF.
Repeat accessing procedure to ensure no memorized trouble codes remain in ECM fault memory.
Trouble codes can also be erased by using a Scan Tool connected to the data link connectors (DLC) 1 and 2.
If emission related component(s) have been replaced:

o Disconnect battery ground cable for at least 5 minutes to erase adaptive memory from ECM.
o If required: Drive vehicle for 10 miles or more to allow ECM to relearn basic values.
NOTE: Disconnecting battery ground lead may also erase memory from electronic units, such as radio.

Trouble code identification

Flash code	Fault location	Probable cause
11	No fault found	–
12	Idle speed, high RPM check -unable to controlduring KOER test	Intake system, throttle tight/sticking, lAC valvel ISC actuator, ECM
13	Idle speed, low RPM check -unable to controlduring KOER test	Intake system, throttle tight/sticking, lAC valvel ISC actuator, ECM
14	Engine speed (RPM) sensor/profile ignition pickup (PIP) circuit -intermittent signal	Incorrectly installed RPM sensor, wiring, poor connection, electrical interference, RPM sensor, ECM
15	Engine control module (ECM) -KAM/ROM fault	Battery disconnected, wiring, fuses, ECM
16	Engine RPM too low for heated oxygen sensor (H02S) test	Intake system, throttle tight/sticking, lAC valve/ ISC actuator, ECM
	Ignition diagnostic monitor (10M) circuit no signal during KOEO test	Wiring, ICM, ECM
18	Spark output (SPOUT) circuit open	Wiring, ICM, ECM
	Ignition diagnostic monitor (1 0M) circuit/spark output (SPOUT) circuit grounded	Wiring, ICM, ECM
19	Engine control module (ECM) -internal voltage fault	ECM
21	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor incorrect signal	Wiring, ECT sensor, ECM
22	Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor/barometric pressure (BARO) sensor -incorrect signal	Vacuum hose damaged, trapped vacuum, high atmospheric pressure, excessive EGR, wiring, MAP/BARO sensor, ECM
23	Throttle position (TP) sensor -incorrect signal	Throttle valve tight/sticking, wiring, TP sensor, ECM
24	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -incorrect signal	Wiring, IAT sensor, ECM
25	Knock sensor (KS) -no signal during dynamic response test	Wiring, KS, ECM
26	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -incorrect signal	Intake leak/blockage, wiring, MAF sensor, ECM
29	Vehicle speed signal -incorrect signal	Wiring, vehicle speed interface module, VSS, ECM
31	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position sensor below minimum voltage	Wiring short circuit to ground, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
32	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position sensor below closed limit	Wiring short circuit to ground, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
33	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve -not opening	Wiring, EGR valve tight/sticking, ECM
34	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position sensor above closed limit	Wiring short circuit to positive, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
35	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve positionsensor above maximum voltage	Wiring short circuit to positive, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
41	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 1 -mixture lean/not switching	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump, injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAF/MAP sensor, ECM
42	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 1 -mixture rich/not switching	Intake blocked, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuel pressure high, breather system, injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAF/MAP sensor, ignition system. ECM
43	Throttle position (TP) sensor -incorrect signal at idle	Incorrectly adjusted, TP sensor. ECM
44	Secondary air injection (AIR) system. bank 1 – inoperative	Hose connection, wiring, AIR pump motor, AIR solenoid, ECM
45	Secondary air injection (AIR) -upstream during KOER test	Hose connection, wiring, AIR solenoid, ECM
46	Secondary air injection (AIR) -not bypassed during KOER test	Hose connection, wiring, AIR solenoid, ECM
47	Four wheel drive selector switch -closed during KOEO test	Wiring short circuit, four wheel drive selector switch,internal damage to transfer case, ECM
49 1	Gear shift, 1-2 malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
51	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor -open circuit	Wiring open circuit, ECT sensor, ECM
52	Power steering pressure (PSP) switch -open circuiUno signal change	Wiring open circuit, P5P switch, ECM
53	Throttle position (TP) sensor -above maximumvoltage	TP sensor loose, wiring short circuit to positive, TP sensor, ECM
54	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -open circuit	Wiring open circuit, IAT sensor, ECM
56	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -above maximum voltage	Wiring short circuit to positive, MAF sensor, ECM
59 1	Gear shift, 2-3 malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
61	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor -short circuit to ground ‘	Wiring short circuit to ground, ECT sensor, ECM
62 1	Torque converter clutch (TCC) -excessive clutch slip	ATF level/condition, TCC slipping, ECM
63	Throttle position (TP) sensor -below minimum voltage	TP sensor loose, wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, TP sensor, ECM
64	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor short circuit to ground	Wiring short circuit to ground, IAT sensor, ECM
65 1	Overdrive selection switch no Signal change during KOEO test	Incorrect switch operation, wiring, fuse, overdrive selection switch, ECM
66	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -below minimum voltage	Wiring short circuit to ground, MAF sensor, ECM
67	Neutral position (NP) switch -open circuit	Incorrect adjustment, wiring open circuit, NP switch, ECM
	Clutch pedal position (CPP) switch -circuit malfunction	Incorrect adjustment, wiring, CPP switch, ECM
	Air conditioning (A/C) on during KOEO test	Wiring, A/C switch, ECM
67 1	Transmission range (TR) sensor -voltage high/ low	Incorrect adjustment, wiring, TR sensor, ECM
68 1	Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) temperature high	ATF level, transmission cooling system, towing weight limit exceeded, clutch slipping, wiring, TFT sensor, ECM
69 1	Gear shift, 3-4 -malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
72	Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor/mass air flow (MAF) sensor -incorrect signal change during dynamic response test	Intake leak, wiring, MAP sensor, ECM
73	Throttle position (TP) sensor -incorrect signal change during dynamic response test	Incorrect throttle operation, wiring, TP sensor, ECM
74	Brake pedal position (BPP) switch -open circuit! no signal change during KOER test	Incorrect brake pedal operation, wiring, BPP switch, ECM
75	Brake pedal position (BPP) switch -closed circuit	Wiring, BPP switch, ECM
77	Wide open throttle (WOT) switch -no signal change during dynamic response test	Incorrect throttle operation, wiring, WOT switch, ECM
79	Air conditioning (A/C) -on during KOEO test	Wiring, A/C switch, ECM
81	Secondary air injection (AIR) divert solenoid circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, AIR divert solenoid, ECM
82	Secondary air injection (AIR) bypass solenoid circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, AIR bypass solenoid, ECM
84	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, EGR solenoid, ECM
85	Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister purge valve -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, EVAP canister purge valve, ECM
86	AT -shift solenoid	Wiring, shift solenoid, ECM
87	Fuel pump. primary circuit -circuit malfunction	IF5 switch, wiring, fuel pump, ECM
89	Torque converter clutch (TCC) lock-up solenoid	Wiring, TCC lock-up solenoid, ECM
91	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 -mixture lean/not switching during KOER test	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump,injectors, H025, AIR system, MAF/MAP sensor, ECM
91 1	Shift solenoid (SS) 1 -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, 55, ECM
92	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 1 -mixturerich/not switching during KOER test	Intake blocked, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuel pressure high, breather system, injectors, H025, AIR system, EVAP system, MAF/MAP sensor, ignition system, ECM
92 1	Shift solenoid (SS) 2 -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, 55, ECM
93 1	Transmission coast clutch solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, transmission coast clutch solenoid, ECM
94	Secondary air injection (AIR) system. bank 2inoperative during KOER test	Hose connection, wiring, AIR pump motor, AIR solenoid, ECM
94 1	Torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, TCC solenoid, ECM
95	Fuel pump. secondary circuit -circuit malfunction	IF5 switch, wiring, fuel pump, ECM
96	Fuel pump. secondary circuit -circuit malfunction	IF5 switch, wiring open circuit to battery, fuel pump, ECM
97 1	Overdrive indicator lamp -circuit malfunction	Bulb, wiring, fuse, ECM
98	Engine control module (ECM) -hard fault detected during KOER test	H025 bank 2 -indicates lean, ECM
98 1	Engine control module (ECM). transmission fluid pressure (TFP) control -open driver circuit during KOEO test	ECM
99	Engine control module (ECM) -idle speed not learnt during KOER test	Idle speed adjusted, ECM
99 1	Transmission fluid pressure (TFP) solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, poor connection, TFP solenoid, ECM
111	No fault found	–
112	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -belowminimum voltage	Wiring short circuit to ground, poor connection, IAT sensor, ECM
113	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -abovemaximum voltage	Wiring open circuit, poor connection, IAT sensor, ECM
114	Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor -incorrect signal	Air temperature below 10°C (50°F), poor connection, IAT sensor, ECM
116	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor incorrect signal	Coolant level low, poor connection, ECT sensor, ECM
117	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor below minimum voltage	Wiring short circuit to ground, poor connection, ECTsensor, ECM
118	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor above maximum voltage	Wiring open circuit, poor connection, IAT sensor, ECM
121	Throttle position (TP) sensor -closed throttle voltagehighllow	Throttle valve tight/sticking, TP sensor loose/ damaged, ECM
121	Throttle position (TP) sensor -voltage inconsistent with MAF sensor signal	Throttle valve tight/sticking, TP sensor loose/ damaged, ECM
122	Throttle position (TP) sensor -below minimumvoltage	TP sensor loose, wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, TP sensor, ECM
123	Throttle position (TP) sensor -above maximum voltage	TP sensor loose, wiring short circuit to positive, TP sensor, ECM
124	Throttle position (TP) sensor -voltage high	Throttle tight/sticking, intake leak, MAP/BARO sensor, ECM
125	Throttle position (TP) sensor -voltage low	Throttle tight/sticking, intake leak, MAP/BARO sensor, ECM
126	Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor/ barometric pressure (BARO) sensor -voltagehighllow	Vacuum hose damaged/trapped, high atmospheric pressure, excessive EGR, wiring, MAP/BARO sensor, ECM
128	Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor -loss of vacuum	Vacuum hose damaged/disconnected, MAP sensor, ECM
129	Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensorinsufficient voltage change during KOER dynamicresponse test	Incorrect throttle operation, vacuum hose damaged/disconnected, MAP sensor, lAC system, ECM
129	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -insufficient voltagechange during KOER dynamic response test	Incorrect throttle operation, intake leak, wiring, MAF sensor, lAC system, ECM
136	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S), bank 2 -mixture lean during KOER test	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump,injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAP sensor, ECM
137	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 mixture richduring KOER test	Intake blocked, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuel pressure high, breather system, injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignition system, ECM
138	Cold start injector -insufficient flow during KOER test	Fuel pressure, wiring, cold start injector, ECM
139	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 not switching	Intake leak/blocked, injectors, H02S, AIR system,breather system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignitionsystem, ECM
141	Fuel system indicates lean	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump,injectors, H02S, ECM
144	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 1 not switching	Intake leak/blocked, injectors, H02S, AIR system,breather system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignitionsystem, ECM
157	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -below minimum voltage	Wiring short circuit to ground, poor connection, MAF sensor, lAC system, ECM
158	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -above maximumvoltage	Wiring short circuit to positive, MAF sensor screen blocked, MAF sensor, ECM
159	Mass air flow (MAF) s,:nsor -voltage highllow	Intake leak, lAC valve, MAF sensor, ECM
167	Throttle position (TP) sensor -insufficient voltage change during KOER dynamic response test	Incorrect throttle operation, TP sensor, ECM
171	Fuel system control. bank 1 -adaptive limits reached	Intake leak/blocked, breather system, fuel pressure, fuel filter/pump, injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignition system, ECM
172	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S), bank 1 -mixture lean	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump,injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAP sensor, ECM
173	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S), bank 1 -mixture rich	Intake blocked, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuel pressure high, breather system, injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignition system,ECM
174	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 1 -slow response	Intake leak, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuelpressure, fuel filter/pump, injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAF/MAP sensor, ECM
175	Fuel system control. bank 2 -adaptive limits reached	Intake leak/blocked, excessive fuel in engine oil,breather system, fuel pressure, fuel filter/ pump,injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignition system, ECM
176	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 -mixture lean	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter/pump,injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAP sensor, ECM
177	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 -mixture rich	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, breather system,injectors, H02S, AIR system, EVAP system, MAP sensor, ignition system, ECM
178	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S). bank 2 -slow response	Intake leak, excessive fuel in engine oil, fuelpressure, fuel filter/pump, injectors, H02S, AIR system, MAF/MAP sensor, ECM
179	Fuel control system. bank 1 -lean adaption limit reached at part throttle. mixture rich	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter blocked,wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
181	Fuel control system, bank 1 -rich adaption limitreached at part throttle, mixture lean	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, wiring, injector,MAP sensor, ECM
182	Fuel control system, bank 1 -lean adaption limit reached at idle, mixture rich	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter blocked, wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
183	Fuel control system, bank 1 -rich adaption limitreached at idle, mixture lean	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
184	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -signal high	MAF sensor screen blocked, MAF sensor, ECM
185	Mass air flow (MAF) sensor -signal low	Intake leak, breather system, MAF sensor, ECM
186	Injector -pulse width long/mass air flow (MAF)sensor signal low	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, MAF sensor, ECM
187	Injector -pulse width short/mass air flow (MAF)sensor signal high	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, MAF sensor, ECM
188	Fuel system control, bank 2 -lean adaption limitreached at part throttle, mixture rich	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter blocked,wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
189	Fuel system control, bank 2 -rich adaption limit reached at part throttle, mixture lean	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
191	Fuel system control , bank 2 -lean adaption limit reached at idle, mixture rich	Intake leak, fuel pressure low, fuel filter blocked, wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
192	Fuel system control , bank 2 -rich adaption limit reached at idle, mixture lean	Intake blocked, fuel pressure high, wiring, injector, MAP sensor, ECM
193	Fuel quality sensor -circuit malfunction	Wiring, fuel separation, fuel quality sensor, ECM
194	Cylinder balance test -malfunction	Wiring, injector, ECM
195	Cylinder balance test -malfunction	Wiring, injector, ECM
211	Profile ignition pickup (PIP) -circuit malfunction	Wiring, poor connection, arcing secondary ignitioncomponent coil/cap/rotor/HT leads/ plugs, electrical interference, ECM
212	Ignition control module (ICM) -ignition diagnostic monitor (10M) signal missing	Wiring, ICM, ECM
213	Spark output (SPOUT) -open circuit	Wiring, ICM, ECM
214	Camshaft position (CMP) sensor -circuit malfunction	Wiring, CMP sensor, ICM, ECM
215	Ignition coil 1 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
216	Ignition coil 2 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
217	Ignition coil 3 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
218	Ignition diagnostic monitor (10M), left side -signal missing	Wiring, ignition coil, ECM
219	Ignition timing, defaulted to 10° spark output(SPOUT) circuit open	Wiring open circuit, ICM, ECM
221	Ignition timing error	Wiring, ICM, ECM
222	Ignition diagnostic monitor (10M), right side signal missing	Wiring, ignition coil, ECM
223	Loss of dual plug inhibit (OPI) control	Wiring, ICM, ECM
224	Ignition coil 1, 2, 3 or 4 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
225	Knock sensor (KS) -no signal during KOER dynamic response test	Wiring, KS, ECM
226	Ignition control module (ICM) -ignition diagnosticmonitor (10M) signal missing	Wiring open circuit, ICM, ECM
232	Ignition coil 1, 2, 3 or 4 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
238	Ignition coil 4 -primary circuit malfunction	Wiring, ignition coil, ICM, ECM
241	Ignition control module (leM) ignition diagnosticmonitor (IDM) signal malfunction	Wiring, ICM, ECM
244	Cylinder identification (CID) fault when cylinder balance test requested	Wiring, CKP sensor, CMP sensor, ICM, ECM
311	Secondary air injection (AIR) system, bank 1inoperative during KOER test	Hose blocked/leaking, AIR bypass/divert solenoid, AIR pump, ECM
312	Secondary air injection (AIR) system misdirectedduring KOER test	Hose connections
313	Secondary air injection (AIR) system not bypassedduring KOER test	Hose blocked/leaking, AIR bypass solenoid, AIR pump
314	Secondary air injection (AIR) system, bank 2 inoperative during KOER test	Hose blockedlleaking, AIR bypass/divert solenoid, AIR pump, ECM
326	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -voltage low	Hose blocked/leaking, wiring, exhaust gas pressure sensor, ECM
326	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -voltage low	Hose blocked/leaking, EGR solenoid filter, EGR solenoid, wiring, EGR valve, exhaust gas pressure sensor, ECM
327	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position sensorminimum voltage exceeded	Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
327	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -minimum voltage exceeded	Hose blocked/leaking, wiring open circuit/short circuitto ground, exhaust gas pressure sensor, ECM
328	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position sensor, closed position -voltage low	Wiring, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
332	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system insufficient flow detected	Hose blockedlleaking, wiring, EGR solenoid filter, EGR solenoid, EGR valve/position sensor, ECM
332	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system insufficient flow detected	Hose blocked/leaking, EGR solenoid, exhaust gas pressure sensor, EGR valve, ECM
334	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve positionsensor, closed position -voltage high	Wiring, EGR valve/position sensor, EGR solenoid,ECM
335	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -voltage highllow during KOEO test	Exhaust gas pressure sensor, blocked inlet hose, ECM
336	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -voltage high	Exhaust system restricted, wiring, EGR solenoid,exhaust gas pressure sensor, EGR valve, hose routing, ECM
337	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) position sensorabove maximum voltage	Wiring open circuit/short circuit to positive, EGRvalve/position sensor, ECM
337	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -above maximum voltage	Incorrect hose routing, wiring short circuit, signal wire open circuit, exhaust gas pressure sensor, EGR solenoid/valve, ECM
337	Exhaust gas pressure sensor -above maximumvoltage	Exhaust system restricted, wiring short circuit, signal wire open circuit, exhaust gas pressure sensor, ECM
338	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) -too low	Thermostat stuck open, coolant leak, ECM
339	Engine coolant temperature (ECT) -too high	Coolant level low, thermostat stuck closed, cooling system blocked, coolant blower motor worn/damaged, water pump defective, coolant leak,ECM
341	Octane adjuster -open circuit	Wiring, octane adjuster, ECM
381	A/C compressor clutch -excessive cycling	A/C system incorrectly charged, cycling switch defective, A/C circuit fault, wiring intermittent opencircuit to A/C system, ECM
411	Idle air control (lAC) valve no control during KOER low RPM check	Idle speed adjustment, intake leak, throttle valve tighUsticking, ignition timing incorrect, wiring short circuit to ground, lAC valve, ECM
412	Idle air control (lAC) valve -no control during KOER high RPM check	Idle speed adjustment, throttle valve tighU sticking,wiring open circuiUshort circuit to ground, lAC valve,ECM
415	Idle air control (lAC) valve -lower limit reached	Intake leak, throttle valve tighUsticking, lAC valve,ECM
416	Idle air control (lAC) valve -upper limit reached	Air filter blocked, throttle body dirty/damaged, lAC valve, ECM
452	Vehicle speed signal -incorrect signal	Wiring, rear ABS system, vehicle speed interfacemodule, ECM
452	Vehicle speed sensor (VSS) -incorrect signal	Wiring, VSS, ECM
453	Servo leaking down -cruise control KOER test	Servo defective, ECM
454	Servo leaking up cruise control KOER test	Servo defective, ECM
455	Insufficient RPM increase -cruise control KOER test	Intake system, ECM
456	Insufficient RPM decrease -cruise control KOER test	Intake system, ECM
457	Cruise control master/selector switch -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, cruise control master/selector switch, ECM
458	Cruise control master/selector switch -short circuit to ground during KOEO test	Wiring short circuit to ground, cruise control master/selector switch, ECM
459	Cruise control system -ground open circuit during KOEO test	Wiring open circuit, ECM
511	Engine control module (ECM) -ROM fault during KOEO test	ECM
512	Engine control module (ECM) -KAM fault	Battery disconnected, wiring, fuses, ECM
513	Engine control module (ECM) -internal voltage fault	ECM
519	Power steering pressure (PSP) switch -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	PSP switch not fitted -disregard trouble code, wiring, PSP switch, ECM
521	Power steering pressure (PSP) switch -no signal change during KOEO test	PSP switch not fitted -disregard trouble code, wiring, PSP switch, ECM
522	Park/neutral position (PNP) switch/neutral position (NP) switch not in park/neutral during KOEOtest/open circuit	Incorrect gear lever position, incorrect adjustment,wiring open circuit, starter motor relay disconnected, PNP/NP switch, ECM
522	Transmission range (TR) sensor not in park/ neutral during KOEO test	Incorrect shift lever position, incorrect adjustment,wiring, TR sensor, ECM
525	Vehicle in gear during KOEO test	Incorrect shift lever position, incorrect adjustment, PNP switch open, ECM
525	A/C -ON during KOEO test	A/C ON , A/C wiring short circuit to positive, ECM
526	Neutral position switch (NP) -switch closed circuitduring KOEO test	Wiring short circuit, NP switch, ECM
526	A/C -ON during KOEO test	A/C ON, A/C wiring short circuit to positive, A/C switch, ECM
527	Park/neutral position (PNP) switch/neutral positionswitch -open circuit during KOEO test	Wiring open circuit, starter motor relay disconnected, PNP/NP switch, ECM
527	A/C -ON during KOEO test	A/C ON, A/C wiring short circuit to positive, A/C switch, ECM
528	Clutch pedal position (CPP) switch -circuitmalfunction	Wiring open circuit, CPP switch, ECM
529	Data link/engine control module (ECM) -circuitmalfunction	Wiring, ECM
532	Instrument panel -circuit malfunction	Wiring, instrument panel, ECM
533	Data link/instrument panel -circuit malfunction	Wiring, instrument panel, ECM
536	Brake pedal position (BPP) switch -circuitmalfunction/no signal change during KOER test	Incorrect brake pedal operation, wiring, BPP switch,ECM
538	KOER dynamic response test -insufficient rpm change	Incorrect throttle operation, ECM
538	KOER cylinder balance test invalid test	Throttle operated during test, CMP sensor, ECM
539	A/C -ON during KOEO test	Wiring, A/C switch, ECM
542	Fuel pump (FP) secondary circuit -engine does not start	IFS switch, supply wire open circuit, FP ground wire,FP, ECM
542	Fuel pump (FP) secondary circuit -engine starts	Supply wire short circuit to positive, FP relay, FP to ECM wire open circuit, left/front H02S short circuit topositive, ECM
543	Fuel pump (FP) secondary circuit -engine does not start	Supply wire open circuit, fuel pump relay, ECM
543	Fuel pump (FP) secondary circuit -engine starts	Left/front H02S short circuit to positive, ECM
551	Idle air control (lAC) valve -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, lAC valve, ECM
552	Secondary air injection (AI R) bypass solenoid circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, AIR bypass solenoid, ECM
553	Secondary air injection (AIR) divert solenoid circuitmalfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, AIR divert solenoid, ECM
554	Fuel pressure control solenoid -circuit malfunction	Hose connection, wiring, fuel pressure control solenoid, ECM
556	Fuel pump (FP) primary circuit	IFS switch, wiring, fuel pump relay, constant control relay module, ECM
557	Fuel pump (FP) primary circuit, low speed	Wiring, FP relay/constant control relay module, ECM
558	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) solenoid -circuitmalfunction during KOEO test	Hose damaged, wiring, EGR solenoid, ECM
559	A/C relay, primary circuit -circuit malfunction	Wiring, A/C relay, ECM
562	Engine coolant blower motor relay -circuit malfunction	Wiring, engine coolant blower motor relay, ECM
563	Engine coolant blower motor relay, high speed -circuit malfunction	Wiring, engine coolant blower motor relay/ constant control relay module, ECM
564	Engine coolant blower motor relay, low speed -circuit malfunction	Wiring, engine coolant blower motor relay/ constantcontrol relay module, ECM
565	Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister purge valve1 -malfunction	Hose damaged, wiring, EVAP canister purge valve, ECM
566	Shift solenoid (SS) 3-4 -circuit malfunction	Wiring, 55, ECM
567	Cruise control vent valve -circuit malfunction	Wiring, cruise control vent valve, ECM
568	Cruise control vacuum valve -circuit malfunction	Wiring, cruise control vacuum valve, ECM
569	Evaporative emission (EVAP) canister purge valve 2 -malfunction	Hose damaged, wiring, EVAP canister purge valve, ECM
571	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) atmospheric solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO	Wiring, EGR atmospheric solenoid, ECM
572	Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) vacuum solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO	Wiring, EGR vacuum solenoid, ECM
578	A/C pressure sensor -short circuit	Supply wire short ground, A/C pressure sensor, variable control relay module, ECM
579	A/C pressure sensor -insufficient pressure change	Wiring, A/C fault, A/C pressure sensor, variable control relay module, wiring to A/C compressor clutch open circuit, ECM
581	Engine coolant blower motor -excessive current draw	Wiring short circuit to ground, engine coolant blower motor, variable control relay module, ECM
582	Engine coolant blower motor -open circuit/short circuit to positive	Supply wire open circuit/short circuit to positive, ground wire open circuit, engine coolant blower motor, variable control relay module, ECM
583	Fuel pump -excessive current draw	Wiring short circuit to ground, fuel pump, ECM
584	Variable control relay module -ground open circuit	Wiring open circuit, variable control relay module,ECM
585	A/C compressor clutch -excessive current draw	Wiring short circuit to ground, A/C compressor clutch, variable control relay module, ECM
586	A/C compressor clutch -open circuit/short circuit topositive	Wiring open circuit/short circuit to positive, A/Ccompressor clutch, variable control relay module,ECM
587	Variable control relay module -communication error	Wiring, variable control relay module, ECM
593	Heated oxygen sensor (H02S) -heater circuit malfunction	Wiring, H02S heater relay, H02S, ECM
617	Gear shift, 1-2 -malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
618	Gear shift, 2-3 -malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
619	Gear shift, 3-4 -malfunction	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
621	Shift solenoid (SS) 1 -circuit malfunction during KOEO	Wiring, 55, ECM
622	Shift solenoid (SS) 2 -circuit malfunction during KOEO	Wiring, 55, ECM
623	Overdrive indicator lamp -circuit malfunction	Bulb, wiring, fuse, ECM
624	Transmission fluid pressure (TFP) solenoid circuit malfunction	Wiring, poor connection, TFP solenoid, ECM
625	Engine control module (ECM), TFP control -opendriver circuit	ECM
626	Transmission coast clutch solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, transmission coast clutch solenoid, ECM
627	Torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid -circuit malfunction	Wiring, TCC solenoid, ECM
628	Torque converter clutch (TCC) -excessive clutchslip	ATF level/condition, TCC slipping, ECM
629	Torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid -circuitmalfunction	Wiring, TCC solenoid, ECM
631	Overdrive indicator lamp -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Bulb, wiring, fuse, ECM
632	Overdrive selection switch -no signal change during KOEO test	Incorrect switch operation, wiring, fuse, overdrive selection switch, ECM
633	Four wheel drive selector switch -closed during KOEO test	Wiring short circuit, four wheel drive selector switch,internal damage to transfer case, ECM
634	Transmission range (TR) sensor -voltage high/ low	Incorrect adjustment, wiring, TR sensor, ECM
636	Transmission fluid temperature (TFT) sensor signalhighllow	ATF level, wiring, TFT sensor, ECM
637	Transmission fluid temperature (TFT) sensor above maximum voltage	ATF level, wiring open circuit, TFT sensor, ECM
638	Transmission fluid temperature (TFT) sensor belowminimum voltage	ATF level, wiring short circuit to ground, TFT sensor,ECM
639	Turbine shaft speed (TSS) sensor/output shaftspeed (OSS) sensor -signal low	Wiring, T55/055 sensor, ECM
641	Shift solenoid (SS) 3 -circuit malfunction during KOEO	Wiring, 55, ECM
643	Torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid -circuit malfunction during KOEO test	Wiring, TCC solenoid, ECM
645	Incorrect gear ratio, 1 st gear	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
646	Incorrect gear ratio, 2nd gear	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TRsensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
647	Incorrect gear ratio, 3rd gear	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TRsensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
648	Incorrect gear ratio, 4th gear	ATF level/condition, poor connection, wiring, TR sensor, 55, clutch slipping, ECM
649	Transmission fluid pressure (TFP) solenoid signal highllow	Wiring, poor connection, TFP solenoid, ECM
651	Transmission fluid pressure (TFP) solenoid -circuit malfunction	Wiring, poor connection, TFP solenoid, ECM
652	Torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid -circuit malfunction	Wiring, TCC solenoid, ECM
653	Overdrive selection switch no signal change during KOEO test	Incorrect switch operation, wiring, fuse, overdrive selection switch, ECM
654	Transmission range (TR) sensor -‘P’ signal during KOEO test	Transmission not in ‘P’ during KOEO test, incorrect adjustment, ECM
655	Transmission range (TR) sensor -‘N’ signal during KOEO test	Transmission not in ‘N’ during KOEO test, incorrectadjustment, ECM
656	Torque converter clutch (TCC) -continuous clutch slip	ATF level/condition, TCC slipping, ECM
657	Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) temperature high	ATF level, transmission cooling system, towing weight limit exceeded, clutch slipping, wiring, TFTsensor, ECM
659	High vehicle speed -transmission in ‘P’	TR sensor/PNP switch, ECM
667	Transmission range (TR) sensor -below minimum voltage	Wiring open circuit/short circuit to ground, TRsensor, ECM
668	Transmission range (TR) sensor -above maximum voltage	Wiring open circuit/short circuit to positive, TR sensor, ECM
675	Transmission range (TR) sensor -out of range	Wiring, TR sensor, ECM
691	Four wheel drive selector fault -incorrect engineRPM/vehicle speed	Wiring short circuit, four wheel drive selector switch,internal damage to transfer case, ECM
692	Transmission state does not match cA/Culated ratio	Transmission fault, ECM
998	Engine control module (ECM) -hard fault present	ECM